
PCI-6208V/6208A/6216V
Multi-channel
Analog Output Board
User’s Guide
@Copyright 1997 ADLink Technology Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Manual first edition : 15, Oct. 1997
The information in this document is subject to change without prior notice in order to improve reliability, design and function and does not represent a commitment on the part of the manufacturer.
In no event will the manufacturer be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the product or documentation, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.
This document contains proprietary information protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced by any mechanical, electronic, or other means in any form without prior written permission of the manufacturer.
Trademarks
PCI-6208V, PCI-6216V, PCI-6208A are registered trademarks of ADLink Technology Inc. Other product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
2.5 Install PCI-6208V/6216V/6208A to PCI Bus
Chapter 3 Operation Theorem and Registers
3.2 Analog Output Status Register
3.3 Current Output and Range Control
3.6 Calibration of Voltage Output Channel
3.6.2 VR Assignemnt of PCI-6208 and PCI-6216
This manual is designed to help you use the PCI-6208/16. It describes how to modify and control various functions on the PCI-6208/16 card to meet your requirements. It is divided into three chapters:
·
·
Chapter 2, "Installation", describes how to install the PCI-6208/16. The layout of PCI-6208/16 are shown, the connectors specifications, and the notes for installation are described.
·
Chapter 3, "Operation Theorem", describes more details about the versatile functions, including DIO and DA systems.
·
Chapter 4, "Software Library", specifies the software library of C language under DOS environment that makes you can operate the functions on this card easily.
·
Chapter 5, "Software Utility", describes how to run the utility program included in the software disk.
1
The PCI-6208V and PCI-6216V are high-performance, 16-bit analog output boards for PCI computer. The PCI-6208V can offer 8 CH identical voltage outputs, each of which has ± 10V voltage outputs. The PCI-6216V is a combination of PCI-6208V with a 8 CH voltage extended board called EXP-8V, which can make PCI-6208V to extend its voltage output to 16 channels.
All of the PCI-6208/16 analog output channels are identical. Each is equipped with the PCM-56 which is a state-of-the-art, fully monotonic, digital to analog converter. This device employs ultra-stable nichrome (NiCr) thin-film resistors to provide monotonicity, low distortion, and low differential linearity error over long period of time.
** PCI-6216V :
PCI-6216V is a high density analog voltage output card, it is a combination of PCI-6208 and EXP-8V daughter board together. The EXP-8V is a extended board which includes extra 8 Voltage output channels. After the PCI-6208V is piggy-back an EXP-8V board, it can be extended to 16 CHs voltage output.
** PCI-6208A :
PCI-6208A is a high density current source output card, it is a combination of PCI-6208V and EXP-8A daughter board together. The EXP-8A includes 8 precision voltage-to-current converters/transmitters which convert voltage output from PCI-6028V to current source output. After the PCI-6208V is piggy-back an EXP-8A daughter board, it can convert voltage output into current source output.
¨
Analog Output (D/A )·
Channel : 8 channels (PCI-6208V/PCI- 6208A)16 channels (PCI-6216V)
·
Resolution : 16-bit, serial input (13-bit guarantee)·
Output ranges : Bipolar : ± 10V (for PCI-6208V or PCI-6216V)0-20mA, 4-20mA, 5-25mA
(PCI-6208A)
·
Conversion type : Monolithic multiplying·
Converter : B.B. PCM56 U or equivalent·
Settling time : 2 m second for voltage output17 m second for voltage output
·
Differential Linearity Error : ± 0.0015 % Full Scale Range·
Noise at Bipolar Zero : 6 m V·
Voltage output drive : ± 5mA max.·
Data Transfer : Interrupts, programmed I/O·
Monotonicity : 14-bit, typ.·
Gain error : ± 2.0 % (without trimming)·
Output initial status : 0V (after RESET or POWER-ON)
¨
General Specification·
Dimensions : Half-Size (34.1 cm X 9.8 cm)·
Bus : 32-bit PCI Bus·
I/O connectors : 37-pin D-sub connector (analog output)·
Operating temp. : 0° ~ 50° C·
Storage temp. : -20° ~ 70° C·
Humility : 5% ~ 95%, non-condensing·
Power Consumption : +5V : 1.2A typical, 1.5 max.
2
This chapter describes how to install the PCI-6208. At first, the contents in the package and unpacking information that you should be careful are described.
In addition to this User's Manual, the package includes the following items:
If any of these items is missing or damaged, contact the dealer from whom you purchased the product. Save the shipping materials and carton in case you want to ship or store the product in the future.
Your PCI-6208 series card contains sensitive electronic components that can be easily damaged by static electricity.
The card should be done on a grounded anti-static mat. The operator should be wearing an anti-static wristband, grounded at the same point as the anti-static mat.
Inspect the card module carton for obvious damage. Shipping and handling may cause damage to your module. Be sure there are no shipping and handing damages on the module before processing.
After opening the card module carton, exact the system module and place it only on a grounded anti-static surface component side up.
Note : DO NOT APPLY POWER TO THE CARD IF IT HAS BEEN DAMAGED.
You are now ready to install your PCI-6208 series card.

Figure 2.1 PCI-6208 Layout
The pin assignment of PCI-6208/6208A/6216 are shown in Figure 2.2

Figure 2.2 Pin Assignment of CN1 connector
The analog output pin names are specified as Vn or An, where
Vn : means the voltage output channel number
for PCI-6208V, n=0~7
for PCI-6216V, n=0~15
An : means the current output channel number
An is used for PCI-6208A only, n=0~7
The digital input and output pin names are specified as DIn and DOn respectively, where n=0~3.
2.5 Install PCI-6208V/6216V/6208A to PCI Bus
After setting the jumpers according to users applications, you can install PCI-6208 on the PCI bus in your computer. Note that the PC power should be OFF before installing. Please be careful to install the cards properly and tied the screw. Improper installation of the PCI cards may damage the card.
PCI-6208 is equipped with plug and play components, the card thus can request an interrupt via a system call. The system BIOS responds with an interrupt assignment based on the PCI-6208 s configuration registers and known system parameters( which are set by system BIOS). The interrupt assignment is a function of the system, the system BIOS, the installed driver and the installed PCI boards.
Memory usage (I/O port locations) of the PCI-6208 is also assigned by system BIOS. The address assignment is done on a board-by-board basis for all PCI-6208s in the system.
Your computer will probably have both PCI and ISA slots. Do not force the PCI-6208 into a PC/AT slot.
1. Turn off your computer.
2. Turn off all accessories (printer, modem, monitor, etc.) connected to computer.
3. Remove the cover from your computer.
4. Select a 32-bit PCI expansion slot. PCI slots are short than ISA or EISA slots and are usually white or ivory.
Caution !! Don t put PCI-6208 card into ISA or EISA card.
5. Before handling the PCI-6208, discharge any static buildup on your body by touching the metal case of the computer. Hold the edge and do not touch the components.
6. Position the board into the PCI slot you selected.
7. Secure the card in place at the rear panel of the system unit using screw removed from the slot.
A testing program is included in this utility, you can check if your PCI-6208 can work properly. Refer Chapter 5 for further detailed information.
3
In this chapter, the register format and the operation theorem of the analog output channel and digital I/O ports are introduced. Before programming or applying the PCI-6208 cards to your applications, please go through this chapter to understand the features of the functions.
There are 8 and 16 voltage output channels for PCI-6208 and PCI-6216 respectively. For PCI-6208A, there are 8 voltage and current channels, the voltage output controls the current source. The programming method of all the analog output channels are identical. For the three analog output PCI cards, the programming are compatible.
The DA converters used on the PCI-6208/16 are Burr-Brown PCM-56U. The DAC is 16 bit resolution with bi-polar output. The voltage output range is +/-10V. Therefore, the data register are all 16-bits value with sign. The digital value range from -32768 (0X8000) to +32767 (0x7FFF) is corresponding to -10 Volt to +10 Volt. Table 3.1 shows the relation between the digital value and the analog output voltage.
When the applications use smaller voltage range, the PCI-6208 can still be applied. For example, if the application voltage range is uni-polar 0~5V, the user just use digital value range of 0~16384 with 14 bit voltage resolution.
|
Digital value |
HEX value |
Output Voltage
|
|
32767 |
0x7FFF |
+9.99969V |
|
16384 |
0x4000 |
+5.00000V |
|
8192 |
0x2000 |
+2.50000V |
|
1 |
0x0001 |
0.00031V |
|
0 |
0x0000 |
0.00000V |
|
-1 |
0xFFFF |
-0.00031V |
|
-8192 |
0xE000 |
-2.50000V |
|
-16384 |
0xC000 |
-5.00000V |
|
-32767 |
0x8001 |
-9.99969V |
|
-32768 |
0x8000 |
-10.00000V |
The following table shows the address of every analog output ports relative to the base address. Note that the base address is assigned by the PCI BIOS. The current output control of the PCI-6208A is described in Section 3.3.
|
Base |
PCI-6208 |
PCI-6216 |
PCI-6208A |
|
0x00 |
V0 |
V0 |
V0 / A0 |
|
0x02 |
V1 |
V1 |
V1 / A1 |
|
0x04 |
V2 |
V2 |
V2 / A2 |
|
0x06 |
V3 |
V3 |
V3 / A3 |
|
0x08 |
V4 |
V4 |
V4 / A4 |
|
0x0A |
V5 |
V5 |
V5 / A5 |
|
0x0C |
V6 |
V6 |
V6 / A6 |
|
0x0E |
V7 |
V7 |
V7 / A7 |
|
0x10 |
-- |
V8 |
-- |
|
0x12 |
-- |
V9 |
-- |
|
0x14 |
-- |
V10 |
-- |
|
0x16 |
-- |
V11 |
-- |
|
0x18 |
-- |
V12 |
-- |
|
0x1A |
-- |
V13 |
-- |
|
0x1C |
-- |
V14 |
-- |
|
0x1E |
-- |
V15 |
-- |
3.2 Analog Output Status Register
The DAC is with series bus hence it take times to send digital value out. The data transfer time for every DA data write takes 2.2m s, therefore the software driver must wait for 2.2m s before send another data to any analog output port. While the DA value is sending, the Data_Send bit is H . The software driver should check this bit before write any data to output port. This register is read only.
|
Base |
D16~D1 |
D0 |
|
0x00 |
X |
Data_Send |
3.3 Current Output and Range Control
The current output is implemented by the precision voltage-to-current converter XTR110. The current output channel n (An) is control by the voltage of channel n (Vn). The block diagram of the current output channels is shown in Fig 3.1.

The PCI-6208A provides an on board +15V power supply. Each current output channel is a current source which is controlled by the voltage of the corresponding channel. For example, voltage output channel 3 control the current source channel 3.
The output current range is programmable. All the 8 current channels on PCI-6208A are controlled by one control register. The control voltage range is always uni-polar 0~10V. There are three kinds of output current range. Refer to the following table and Section 4.2.7 for programming the current range by _6208_12V_Control function.
|
Mode |
Input Voltage Range |
Output Current Range |
|
1 |
0~10V |
0~20 mA |
|
2 |
0~10V |
4~20 mA |
|
3 |
0~10V |
5~25 mA |
D0~D3 is the digital output signal written to output channel. D4~D7 don
’t care.
|
Base |
D7 |
D6 |
D5 |
D4 |
D3 |
D2 |
D1 |
D0 |
|
0x40 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
DO3 |
DO2 |
DO1 |
DO0 |
D4~D7 is digital input signal from CN1.
D0~D3 is read back signal from digital output channel.
|
Base |
D7 |
D6 |
D5 |
D4 |
D3 |
D2 |
D1 |
D0 |
|
0x40 |
DI3 |
DI2 |
DI1 |
DI0 |
DO3 |
DO2 |
DO1 |
DO0 |
3.6 Calibration of Voltage Output Channel
Before calibrating your PCI-6208/6216 card, you should prepare a 6 1/2 digital multimeter for measruing the voltage signals.
There are 8 and 16 voltage output channels on PCI-6208 and PCI-6216 respectively. For each channel, two VRs are used for adjustment the full range and offset of the output voltage. The follow table shows the assignment and function of the VRs.
|
VR of PCI6208 or PCI6216 |
Function |
VR of PCI6216 |
Function |
|
VR01 |
Ch #0 full range |
VR8-1 |
Ch #8 full range |
|
VR02 |
Ch #0 offset |
VR8-2 |
Ch #8 offset |
|
VR1-1 |
Ch #1 full range |
VR9-1 |
Ch #9 full range |
|
VR1-2 |
Ch #1 offset |
VR9-2 |
Ch #9 offset |
|
VR2-1 |
Ch #2 full range |
VR10-1 |
Ch #10 full range |
|
VR2-2 |
Ch #2 offset |
VR10-2 |
Ch #10 offset |
|
VR3-1 |
Ch #3 full range |
VR11-1 |
Ch #11 full range |
|
VR3-2 |
Ch #3 offset |
VR11-2 |
Ch #11 offset |
|
VR4-1 |
Ch #4 full range |
VR12-1 |
Ch #12 full range |
|
VR4-2 |
Ch #4 offset |
VR12-2 |
Ch #12 offset |
|
VR5-1 |
Ch #5 full range |
VR13-1 |
Ch #13 full range |
|
VR5-2 |
Ch #5 offset |
VR13-2 |
Ch #13 offset |
|
VR6-1 |
Ch #6 full range |
VR14-1 |
Ch #14 full range |
|
VR6-2 |
Ch #6 offset |
VR14-2 |
Ch #14 offset |
|
VR7-1 |
Ch #7 full range |
VR15-1 |
Ch #15 full range |
|
VR7-2 |
Ch #7 offset |
VR15-2 |
Ch #15 offset |
Because there is internal reference voltate for every DA channels, the calibration for every channles are independent. In the following procedure, VRn-1 and VRn-2 is used to represent the full range and offset of the nth channels. The following is the calibration procedure of the DA output.
Step 1.
Connect the n th DA output (Vn) to VDM(+) of the digital multi-meter. Connect the AGND signal to VDM (-).Step 2. Send digital value ‘0’ to DA. Roughly adjust the offset (trim VR n-2) until the VDM value equal to zero.
Step 3. Send ditial value ‘32767’ to DA. Record VDM value as V1. Send digital value ‘-32767’ to DA. Record VDM value as V2. Adjust the full range (trim VR n-1) until V1-V2 value equal to +20V.
Step 4. Send digital value ‘0’ to DA. Presicsely adjust the offset (trim VR n-2) until the VDM value equal to zero.
3.6.4 Current Output Calibration
The current output calibration is used only on PCI-6208A. Because the current output channel n is controlled by the voltage of channle n, the VR n-1 and VR n-2 is also used for calibrating the n th current output channel.
Step 1.
Connect the n th current output (An) to VDM(A+) of the digital multi-meter. Connect the both junction of the current load (typical 250 ohm) to the VDM (A-) and ground (AGND) respectively.Step 2. Select the current range by S/W program. For example, to set the current range as 4~20 mA.
Step 3. Send digital value ‘0’ to DA. Adjust the offset (trim VR n-2) until the current value equal to the minimum value of the current range. For example, adjust to 4mA if the current range is 4~20mA.
Step 4. Send ditial value ‘32767’ to DA. Adjust the full range (trim VR n-1) until the current value equal to the maximum value of the full range. For example , to adjust to 20 mA if the current range is 4~20mA.
Step 5. Repeat step 3 and step 4 until the accuracy is in user application‘s specifications.
4
This chapter describes the software library for operating the PCI-6208/6216/6208A cards. The software is in C language and can be used under DOS environment. Seven C-language functions are provided in this software library to support users to program their own applications. The function prototypes and some useful constants are defined in the PCI_6208.H .
The Utility Software and Library supplied with PCI-6208/16 is in DOS format which is compatible with DOS 3.0 or higher versions. It is advisable to make a back up copy before using the software.
For a direct back up, use the DISKCOPY or alternatively XCOPY *.* to a pre-formatted disk under DOS environment. The back up procedures are specified as follows:
step 1.
Insert " Utility and LIbrary" diskette into floppy drive A:step 2. Insert your back-up diskette into floppy drive B:
step 3. XCOPY A: *.* B: /s or
DISKCOPY A: B:
4.1.2 Installation
step 1. Place "PCI-6208 Utility & Library" diskette into the appropriate 3.5" floppy drive (A: or B:).
step 2. Type the command
A:\>SETUP or B:\>SETUP
step 3. An installation completed message will be showned on the screen.
There are 7 function calls provided by the C Language Library. All the functions of PCI-6208 are covered in this library. Its capabilities include D/A conversion, Digital Input and Output, etc.
We defined some data type in Pci_6208.h. These data types are used by PCI-9111 library. We suggest you to use these data types in your application programs. The following table shows the data type names and their range.
|
Type Name |
Description |
Range |
|
U8 |
8-bit ASCII character |
0 to 255 |
|
I16 |
16-bit signed integer |
-32768 to 32767 |
|
U16 |
16-bit unsigned integer |
0 to 65535 |
|
I32 |
32-bit signed integer |
-2147483648 to 2147483647 |
|
U32 |
32-bit single-precision floating-point |
0 to 4294967295 |
|
F32 |
32-bit single-precision floating-point |
-3.402823E38 to 3.402823E38 |
|
F64 |
64-bit double-precision floating-point |
-1.797683134862315E308 to 1.797683134862315E309 |
|
Boolean |
Boolean logic value |
TRUE, FALSE |
@ Description
This function is used to initialize PCI_6208. Every PCI_6208 has to be initialized by this function before calling other functions.
@ Syntax
U16 _6208_Initial (U16 *existCards, PCI_INFO *pciInfo)
@ Argument
existCards:
number of existing PCI-9111 cardsinfo: relative information of the PCI-9111 cards
@ Return Code
ERR_NoError
ERR_BoardNoInit
ERR_PCIBiosNotExist
@ Description
This function is used to reset the I/O port configuration. After reset PCI_6208, all the ports will be set as input ports. Note that this function can not re-start the PCI bus and all the hardware setting won’t be change neither.
@ Syntax
void _6208_Software_Reset(U16 cardNo)
@ Argument
cardNo:
the card number of PCI-6208 card initialized@ Return Code
ERR_NoError
@ Description
This function is used to write data to D/A converters. There are 8 Digital-to-Analog conversion channels on the PCI-6208. The resolution of each channel is 16 bits with sign; i.e. the digital value range from -32768 (0x8000) to +32767 (0x7FFF). The following table shows the output data format and the relation between the digital value and the analog output voltage:
|
Digital value |
HEX value |
Output Voltage
|
|
32767 |
0x7FFF |
+9.99969V |
|
16384 |
0x4000 |
+5.00000V |
|
8192 |
0x2000 |
+2.50000V |
|
1 |
0x0001 |
0.00031V |
|
0 |
0x0000 |
0.00000V |
|
-1 |
0xFFFF |
-0.00031V |
|
-8192 |
0xE000 |
-2.50000V |
|
-16384 |
0xC000 |
-5.00000V |
|
-32767 |
0x8001 |
-9.99969V |
|
-32768 |
0x8000 |
-10.00000V |
@ Syntax
U16 _6208_DA (U16 cardNo, U16 chn, I16 DAData )
@ Argument
cardNo: The card number of PCI-6208 card initialized.
Chn: D/A channel number
DAData: D/A converted value
@ Return Code
ERR_NoError
4.2.5 _6208_Get_DA_Status
@ Description
This function is used to check the DA data sending status. Because the data transfer time for every DA data takes 2.2 m s, the software driver must wait for 2.2m s before sending another data to any analog output port. This function should be called before writing any data to output port. While the DA value is sending, the returned value is "1", otherwise the returned value is "0".
@ Syntax
U16 _6208_Get_DA_Status (U16 cardNo )
@ Argument
cardNo: The card number of PCI-6208 card initialized.
@ Return Code
0 (low): no DA value is sending
1 (high): the DA value is sending
@ Description
This function is used to read data from digital input ports. There are 4 digital input channels on PCI_6208. The retrieved value is stored in DIData. However the returned value need to be handled further by including the following code in you program :
*DIData = (*DIData&0xF0)>>4
@ Syntax
U16 _6208_DI (U16 cardNo, U16 *DIData )
@ Argument
cardNo:
the card number of PCI-6208 card initializedDIData: the value read from digital input port, please refer to the above description paragraph for getting the correct DI data
@ Return Code
ERR_NoError
@ Description
This function is used to write data to digital output ports. There are 4 digital output channels on PCI_6208, i.e. the output value ranges from 0 to 15.
@ Syntax
U16 _6208_DO (U16 cardNo, U16 DIData )
@ Argument
cardNo:
the card number of PCI-6208 card initializedDIData:
the value written to digital output ports@ Return Code
ERR_NoError
@ Description
This function is used to set PCI-6208 voltage-to-current mode control. There are three modes of range for PCI-6208. Please refer to section 3.3 for the detailed description of voltage to current conversion. The three voltage-to-current modes are:
|
Mode |
Input Voltage Range |
Output Current Range |
|
1 |
0~10V |
0~20 mA |
|
2 |
0~10V |
4~20 mA |
|
3 |
0~10V |
5~25 mA |
@ Syntax
U16 _6208_12V_Control (U16 cardNo, U16 ctrl )
@ Argument
cardNo:
the card number of PCI-6208 card initializedctrl:
the voltage-to-current mode, the valid modes are shown in the above table@ Return Code
ERR_NoError
5
This software disk provides a utility program, 6208util.exe which provides two functions, Calibration, and Functional Testing. This utility is designed as menu-driven based windowing style. The text messages are shown for operating guidance. This utility is described in the following sections.
After finishing the DOS installation, you can execute the utility by typing as follows (assume your utility is located in \ADLINK\DOS\6208\Util directory) :
C> cd \ADLINK\DOS\6208\Util
C> 6208UTIL
the following diagram will be displayed on you screen. The message at the bottom of each window guides you how to select item, go to the next step and change the default settings.
****** PCI-6208 Utility Rev. 1.0 ****** |
Copyright © 1995-1997, ADLink Technology Inc. All rights reserved. |
<F1> : Calibration. |
<F2> : Function testing. |
<Esc>: Quit. |
>>> Select function key F1 ~ F2, or press <Esc> to quit. <<<
This function guides you to calibrate the PCI-6208V/6208A/6216V. The calibration program serves as a useful test of the PCI-6208V/6208A/6216V
’s D/A functions and can aid in troubleshooting if problems arise.
Note :
For an environment with frequently large changes of temperature and vibration, a 3 months re-calibration interval is recommended. For laboratory conditions, 6 months to 1 year is acceptable
When you choose the calibration function from the main menu list, a calibration items menu is displayed on the screen. After you select one of the calibration items from the calibration items menu, a calibration window shows. The instructions will guide you to calibrate each item step by step.
****** PCI-6208 Calibration ****** |
<1> 6208V adjusting |
<2> 6216V adjusting |
<3> 6208A adjusting |
<Esc> Quit |
Select 1 to 3 or <Esc> to quit calibration.
If you select 1, the following figure displays on the screen:
After you select a channel from the channel selection menu, a calibration window appears. The figures below are the 6208V calibration window.

This function is used to test the D/A functions of PCI-6208V/6208A/6216V.
When you choose one of the testing function from the functions menu, a channel selection menu is displayed on the screen. Move cursor and press <Enter> to select the channel you want to test. After you select a channel from the channel selection menu, a testing window appears. The figures below are the function testing menu window, 6208V Testing window.
****** PCI-6208 Function Testing ****** |
<1> : 6208V Test |
<2> : 6216V Test |
<3> : 6208A Test |
<Esc>: Quit |
Select 1 to 3 or <Esc> to quit function testing
Fig. 5.1 Function Testing Menu Window

Fig. 5.2 6208V Testing Window
Seller warrants that equipment furnished will be free form defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the confirmed date of purchase of the original buyer and that upon written notice of any such defect, Seller will, at its option, repair or replace the defective item under the terms of this warranty, subject to the provisions and specific exclusions listed herein.
This warranty shall not apply to equipment that has been previously repaired or altered outside our plant in any way as to, in the judgment of the manufacturer, affect its reliability. Nor will it apply if the equipment has been used in a manner exceeding its specifications or if the serial number has been removed.
Seller does not assume any liability for consequential damages as a result from our products uses, and in any event our liability shall not exceed the original selling price of the equipment.
The equipment warranty shall constitute the sole and exclusive remedy of any Buyer of Seller equipment and the sole and exclusive liability of the Seller, its successors or assigns, in connection with equipment purchased and in lieu of all other warranties expressed implied or statutory, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchant ability or fitness and all other obligations or liabilities of seller, its successors or assigns.
The equipment must be returned postage-prepaid. Package it securely and insure it. You will be charged for parts and labor if you lack proof of date of purchase, or if the warranty period is expired.


©1995 Circuit Specialists, Inc.